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SCJ 46.2 A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Methods

Quiz CATD 0.2

Various methods of eccentric training that aim to increase muscle mass or reduce ground contact time during a landing task have been extensively researched and practically examined. However, multiple methods to implement eccentric training currently exist; they differ in execution and intended training adaptions. There is a clear differentiation between an eccentric muscle action and an eccentric motion whereby a motion alludes to a downward movement of an exercise. The proposed eccentric motions are dissipating eccentrics, deceleration eccentrics, overcoming eccentrics, maximal eccentrics, and rebound eccentrics. These motions formulate into training methods and cues to allow practitioners to clearly differentiate the various eccentric training methods used in research and practice. This review proposes a new conceptual framework that clearly outlines the different forms of eccentric motions that fall into a desired eccentric training method.

SCJ 47.4 The Rationale and Application of Eccentric-Based Exercises in Sports: Practical Suggestions for Its Implementation

CATD 0.2

Considering the great popularity of eccentric-based training, the purpose of this review is to first provide the scientific rationale for its use; second, summarize the eccentric-based training modalities that can be used; and finally, offer practical recommendations on how to implement eccentricbased modalities to enhance sports performance. The molecular and neural mechanisms underlying eccentric actions are partially distinct from those of concentric and isometric actions. During eccentric actions, theories suggest a strain-induced modulation of actin-myosin interactions at the crossbridge level, activation of structural protein titin, and winding of titin on actin. Eccentric acute physiological responses differ from concentric exercise responses, including variations in neuromuscular, metabolic, hormonal, and anabolic signaling. Eccentric training elicits greater improvements in muscle strength, power, and stretch-shortening cycle function compared with concentric-only or traditional resistance training. Therefore, eccentric-based training can lead to unique neuromuscular (e.g., improved coordination of motor units) and morphological (e.g., increased muscle fascicle length and enhanced distal cross-sectional area) adaptations that could play a key role in sport performance. Practitioners may implement eccentric exercises with external loads, fully eccentric-based exercises (e.g., Nordic hamstring curl), accentuated eccentric loading, flywheel resistance exercise, and plyometrics to develop specific physical adaptations in line with their goals. Eccentric work (e.g., for hamstrings) can be obtained during other exercises such as downhill running tasks, decelerations, and sprinting activities. Practitioners need to be aware that no single “silver bullet” training modality exists; consequently, practitioners should use a combination of eccentric-based training approaches with their athletes to obtain the desired adaptations.

Flywheel Eccentric Training: How to Effectively Generate Eccentric Overload

Quiz CATD 0.2

Eccentric resistance training has been shown to elicit beneficial effects on performance and injury prevention in sports because of its specific muscular and neural adaptations. Within the different methods used to generate eccentric overload, flywheel eccentric training has gained interest in recent years because of its advantages over other methods such as its portability, the ample exercise variety it allows and its accommodated resistance. Only a limited number of studies that use flywheel devices provide enough evidence to support the presence of eccentric overload. There is limited guidance on the practical implementation of flywheel eccentric training in the current literature. In this article, we provide literature to support the use of flywheel eccentric training and present practical guidelines to develop exercises that allow eccentric overload.

Clinical Application of Eccentric Training

March 1, 2015

Article Members Only

This article addresses the implications and clinical applications of eccentric training. It also provides general exercise guidelines and future directions of eccentric training.

Personal trainers Exercise Science Exercise Technique Program design Eccentric training

Eccentric and Balance Training to Enhance Pistol Shooting Performance in the Young Athlete

November 19, 2018

Article Members Only

The Scholastic Action Shooting Program (SASP) is a speed shooting competition designed for school-aged youth. The key to training a successful SASP competitor is to not overlook the often forgotten balance and eccentric training exercises that target key muscle groups involved in the competition. An implementation of balance and eccentric training is suggested to aid the performance of young shooters in competition.

TSAC Facilitators Coaches Exercise Technique Program design Eccentric Training Balance Training Youth athlete Training for shooting Youth Training hs-coaching

Scientific Basis for Eccentric Quasi-Isometric Resistance Training

July 17, 2020

Article

This infographic briefly reviews the application and training adaptations of eccentric quasi-isometric resistance training.

Personal trainers TSAC Facilitators Coaches Exercise Science Program design Infographics Eccentric Quasi-Isometric Contraction Muscle Lengthening

Supramaximal Eccentric Strength Training

July 30, 2015

Video

Dietmar Schmidtbleicher, Head and Chair for Sport Sciences at the Institute of Sport Sciences at the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main in Frankfurt, Germany—and one of the world’s leading experts on strength and power training—explains the influencing factors of force production in eccentric muscle actions. Schmidtbleicher made a rare appearance in the United States at the NSCA’s 2015 National Conference.

Coaches Exercise Science eccentrics force production

Eccentric and Movement-Specific Training for the Aging Racquetball Player

June 1, 2017

Article Members Only

Racquetball consists of various movements and has different training styles and techniques that target particular skills that can affect an aging player’s performance. The drills in this article are designed to strengthen and coordinate the lower extremity muscle groups for the aging racquetball player.

Coaches Exercise Technique Program design NSCA Coach Racquetball strength and conditioning mature athletes

Plyometric Training

August 14, 2020

Article

This excerpt describes plyometric training with regards to the stretch-shortening cycle.

Personal trainers TSAC Facilitators Coaches Exercise Science Plyometrics Stretch-Shortening Cycle Bounding Leaping

Bridge: Efficient Deceleration

May 11, 2015

Video

This video demonstrates techniques used for the four primary components of deceleration: dynamic balance, eccentric strength, power, and reactive strength.

Coaches Exercise Technique Deceleration Deceleration Drills Eccentric Strength Power

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