by Richard Evans, CSCS
TSAC Report
November 2021
Vol 62, Issue 2
Paywall block issue
This article is not configured properly for members or paid content.
isMemberOnly: {{isMemberOnly}} | isPaidContent: {{isPaidContent}}
spc: One or more parts of the product SPC is missing.
Read the full article
View the video
Login to view more
This {{ogType == 'video.other' ? 'video':'article'}} is available with a NSCA membership
or can be purchased for {{prices}}
or can be purchased. Price range: {{prices}}
Price includes membership pricing and promotions
This {{ogType == 'video.other' ? 'video':'article'}} can be purchased for {{prices}}
Price includes membership pricing and promotions
Purchase this {{ogType == 'video.other' ? 'video':'article'}}. Price range: {{prices}}
Price range includes membership pricing and promotions
This article originally appeared in TSAC Report, the NSCA’s quarterly, online-only publication geared toward the training of tactical athletes, operators, and facilitators. It provides research-based articles, performance drills, and conditioning techniques for operational, tactical athletes. The TSAC Report is only available for NSCA Members. Read more articles from TSAC Report
1. Alricsson, M, Harms-Ringdahl, K, Larsson, B, Linder, J, and Werner, S. Neck muscle strength and endurance in fighter pilots: Effects of a supervised training program. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75(1): 23-28, 2004.
2. Annicelli, LL. Analysis of two methods of isometric muscle contractions during the anti-G straining maneuver. American Psychological Association, 2003.
3. Araki, K, Mintah, J, Mack, M, Huddleston, S, Larson, L, and Jacobs, K. Belief in self-talk and dynamic balance performance. Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sport Psychology 8(4): 12, 2006.
4. Banta, G, and Grissett, J. Relationship of cardiopulmonary fitness to flight performance in tactical aviation. Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory 17, 1987.
5. Chumbley, EM, Stolfi, A, and McEachen, J. Risk factors for cervical pain in F-15C pilots. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 88(11): 1000-1007, 2017.
6. Crisman, RP, and Burton, RR. Physical fitness to enhance aircrew G tolerance: Defense technical information center. 1988.
7. Davis, JD. A review of musculoskeletal injuries in the United States Army: Demographics, risk factors, and the role of the physical therapist in prevention and return to duty. TSAC Report 47: 8, 2016.
8. Epperson, W, and Bernauer, E. The effectiveness of specific weight training regimens on simulated aerial combat maneuvering G tolerance. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 534-539, 1985.
9. Fujii, R, Sakaura, H, Yoshihiro, m, Hosono, N, Ishii, T, Iwasaki, M, et al. Kinematics of the lumbar spine in trunk rotation: In vivo three-dimensional analysis using magnetic resonance imaging. European Spine Journal 16(11): 1867-1874, 2007.
10. Fujimori, T, Iwasaki, M, Nagamoto, Y, Ishii, T, Kashii, M, Murase, T, et al. Kinematics of the thoracic spine in trunk rotation: In vivo 3-dimensional analysis. Spine 37(21): E1318-E1328, 2012.
11. Green, BN, Dunn, A, Pearce, S, and Johnson, C. Conservative management of uncomplicated mechanical neck pain in a military aviator. Journal of Canadian Chiropractic Association 54(2): 9, 2010.
12. Grossman, A, Nakdimon, I, Chapnik, L, and Levy, Y. Back symptoms in aviators flying different aircraft. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 83(7): 702-705, 2012.
13. Hämäläinen, O. Thoracolumbar pain among fighter pilots. Military Medicine 164(8): 595-596, 1999.
14. Honkanen, T. Fighter pilots’ physical performance and spinalinjury induced flight duty limitations. Academic dissertation. University of Jyväskylä, 2019.
15. Kikukawa, A, Yagura, T. G-related musculoskeletal spine symptoms in Japan Air Self Defense Force F-15 Pilots. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 66(3): 269-272, 1995.
16. Lahtinen, TMM., Koskelo, JP, Laitinen, T, and Leino, TK. Heart rate and performance during combat missions in a flight simulator. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 78(4): 387-391, 2007.
17. Loe, H, Rognmo, Ø, Saltin, B, and Wisløff, U. Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20-90 years. PLOS ONE 8(5): e64319, 2013.
18. McCrory, P, Cobley, S, and Marchant, P. The effect of psychological skills training (PST) on self-regulation behavior, self-efficacy, and psychological skill use in military pilot-trainees. Military Psychology 25(2): 136-147, 2013.
19. McKnight, P. Interview on Formula 1 sports conditioning with Pete McKnight. Retrieved April 30, 2020 from https://simplifaster. com/articles/formula-1-sports-conditioning-pete-mcknight/.
20. Moore, JH, Goffar, SL, Teyhen, DS, Pendergrass, TL, Childs, JD, and Ficke, JR. The role of US military physical therapists during recent combat campaigns. Physical Therapy 93(9): 1268-1275, 2013.
21. Olds, C, and Rasimus, E. Fighter Pilot: The Memoirs of Legendary Ace Robin Olds. St. Martin’s Press, 2011.
22. Poyot, G, and Clere, JM. La préparation physique des pilotes de Mirage 2000 au combat aérien. Science and Sports 2: 221-228, 1987.
23. Punnett, L, Fine, LJ, Keyserling, WM, Herrin, GD, and Chaffin, DB. Back disorders and nonneutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 17(5): 337-346, 1991.
24. Rintala, H, Häkkinen, A, Siitonen, S, and Kyröläinen, H. Relationships between physical fitness, demands of flight duty, and musculoskeletal symptoms among military pilots. Military Medicine 180(12) 1233-1238, 2015.
25. Sainz, C. Physical preparations for 2017 ‘toughest ever’ - Sainz. 2017. Retrieved 2021 from https://www.formula1.com/en/ latest/article.physical-preparations-f1-2017-toughest-ever-carlossainz. 6wVTqqS40MyecK8UQAWkIC.html.
26. Scofield, DE, and Kardouni, JR. The tactical athlete: A product of 21st century strength and conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal 37(4): 2-7, 2105.
27. Shin, Y, Lim, HW, Kang, MH, Seong, M, Cho, H, and Kim, JH. Normal range of eye movement and its relationship to age. Acta Ophthalmologica 94: S256, 2016.
28. SOF truths. United States Special Operations Command, 2019. Retrieved 2021 from www.socom.mil, https://www.socom.mil/ about/sof-truths.
29. Stott, A. Constructing a S&C needs analysis: Racing drivers and motorsport. PUSH. 2018. Retrieved 2021 from https://www. trainwithpush.com/blog/constructing-an-sc-needs-analysis-forracing- drivers-and-motorsport.
30. Svensson, E, Angelborg-Thanderz, M, Sjoberg, L, and Olsson, S. Information complexity-mental workload and performance in combat aircraft. Ergonomics 40(3): 362-380, 1997.
31. Tesch, P, Hjort, H, and Balldin, UI. Effects of strength training on G tolerance. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 54(8): 691-695, 1983.
32. United States Air Force Weapons School. Nellis Air Force Base. Retrieved June 1, 2021 from https://www.nellis.af.mil/About/ Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/284156/united-states-air-forceweapons- school/.
33. Video: Analysing 2017’s massive rises in G-Force. March 31, 2017. Retrieved 2021 from https://www.formula1.com/en/ latest/article.video-analysing-2017s-massive-rises-in-g-force. vX8IhGjqmsaCoyy2uKKOi.html.
34. Weller, C. Stress inoculation training in tactical strength and conditioning. TSAC Report 38: 6-9, 2015.
35. Whinnery, JE. Fighter pilots are world class athletes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 10(3): 718, 1987.
36. Wiegman, JF, Burton, RR, and Forster, EM. The role of anaerobic power in human tolerance to simulated aerial combat maneuvers. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 66(10): 938-942, 1995.
37. Windle, W. The Spinal Cord and Its Reaction to Traumatic Injury. M. Dekker, 1980.