Carnitine—Effective Fat-Loss Supplement

by Dylan Klein
Personal Training Quarterly January 2015
Vol 3, Issue 1

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Although it may be possible to increase skeletal muscle levels of carnitine by combining it with relatively large amounts of carbohydrates repeatedly throughout the day, or by taking it with choline, there is limited data that shows that carnitine is a fat-burner that results in significant reductions in fat mass.

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This article originally appeared in Personal Training Quarterly (PTQ)—a quarterly publication for NSCA Members designed specifically for the personal trainer. Discover easy-to-read, research-based articles that take your training knowledge further with Nutrition, Programming, and Personal Business Development columns in each quarterly, electronic issue. Read more articles from PTQ »

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References

1. Barnett, C, Costill, DL, Vukovich, MD, Cole, KJ, Goodpaster, BH, Trappe, SW, and Fink, WJ. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on muscle and blood carnitine content and lactate accumulation during high-intensity sprint cycling. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 4: 280-288, 1994. 
2. Brass, EP, Hoppel, CL, Hiatt, and WR. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 55: 681-692, 1994. 
3. Hongu, N, and Sachan, DS. Carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise alter carnitine profiles, biochemical markers of fat metabolism, and serum leptin concentration in healthy women. Journal of Nutrition 133: 84-89, 2003. 
4. Romijn, JA, Coyle, EF, Sidossis, LS, Zhang, XJ, and Wolfe, RR. Relationship between fatty acid delivery and fatty acid oxidation during strenuous exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 79: 1939- 1945, 1995. 
5. Shannon, CE, Nixon, AV, Greenhaff, PL, and Stephens, FB. Protein ingestion acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine uptake in healthy young men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 103: 276-282, 2016. 
6. Stephens, FB, Constantin-Teodosiu, D, and Greenhaff, PL. New insights concerning the role of carnitine in the regulation of fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology 581: 431-444, 2007. 
7. Stephens, FB, Constantin-Teodosiu, D, Laithwaite, D, Simpson, EJ, and Greenhaff, PL. Insulin stimulates L-carnitine accumulation in human skeletal muscle. FASEB Journal 20: 377-379, 2006. 
8. Stephens, FB, Evans, CE, Constantin-Teodosiu, D, and Greenhaff, PL. Carbohydrate ingestion augments L-carnitine retention in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 102: 1065-1070, 2007. 
9. Stephens, FB, Wall, BT, Marimuthu, K, Shannon, CE, Constantin-Teodosiu, D, Macdonald, IA, and Greenhaff, PL. Skeletal muscle carnitine loading increases energy expenditure, modulates fuel metabolism gene networks and prevents body fat accumulation in humans. Journal of Physiology 591: 4655-4666, 2013. 
10. Spriet, LL. Metabolic regulation of fat use during exercise and in recovery. In: Maughan, RJ, and Burke, LM (Eds.), Sports Nutrition: More Than Just Calories – Triggers for Adaptation. Kona, HI: Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop; 69: 39-58, 2011. 
11. Stipanuk, MH and Caudill, MA. Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2006. 
12. Vukovich, MD, Costill, DL, and Fink, WJ. Carnitine supplementation: Effect on muscle carnitine and glycogen content during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise 26: 1122- 1129, 1994. C
13. Wachter, S, Vogt, M, Kreis, R, Boesch, C, Bigler, P, Hoppeler, H, and Krahenbuhl, S. Long-term administration of L-carnitine to humans: Effect on skeletal muscle carnitine content and physical performance. Clininca Chimica Acta 318: 51-61, 2002. 
14. Wall, BT, Stephens, FB, Constantin-Teodosiu, D, Marimuthu, K, Macdonald, IA, and Greenhaff, PL. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine

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